SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition).
SCADA is a system that collects information or data from the field and then send it to a central computer that will manage and control data serve targeted. SCADA systems are not only used in industrial processes, for example, steel mills, power generation and distribution of electricity (conventional and nuclear), chemical plants, but also in some experimental facilities such as nuclear fusion. From the standpoint of SCADA, plant size or system start dar 1.000an process up to 10,000 I / O (luara / input), but this time SCADA system can handle up to hundreds of thousands of I / O.
There are many parts in a SCADA system. A SCADA system usually has a hardware signal to obtain and transmit I / O, controllers, network, user interface in the form of HMI (Human Machine Interface), communication devices and some software support. All of that into one system, the term SCADA refers to the entire central system. This central system usually monitors data from various sensors on the ground or even from further tempat2 (remote locations).
Industrial control and monitoring systems typically consist of a central host or master (usually called a master station, master terminal unit or MTU), one or more units of data collection and control field (usually called a remote stattion, remoter terminal units, or RTU) and a set of standard and customized software that is used to monitor and control elements of the data in the field.Most SCADA systems have many characteristics of an open-loop control (open-loop) and use a lot of long distance communications, although there are some elements of a closed-loop control (closed-loop) and / or using short-range communication.
Systems similar to SCADA systems can also be encountered in several plant processes, maintenance and others. This system called DCS (Distributed Control Systems). DCS has a function similar to the SCADA, but the unit of data collectors and controllers are usually placed in some limited areas. Communication could use a local network (LAN), reliable and high speed.
Electric Power SCADA Systems
SCADA facilities needed to carry out electric power enterprises operating mainly in realtime control. A SCADA system consists of a number of RTU (Remote Terminal Unit), a Master Station / RCC (Region Control Center), and data telecommunications network between the RTU and Master Station. RTU installed at each substation or the Central Plant which would be monitored. RTU is responsible for knowing every condition of high voltage equipment through the collection of quantities of electricity, equipment status and alarm signals are then forwarded to the RCC via data telecommunication network. RTU can also receive and execute commands to change the status of high voltage equipment through the command signals sent from the RCC.
With the SCADA system dispatcher to get the data quickly at any time (real time) when necessary, in addition to SCADA can quickly give a warning to the dispatcher when an interruption in the system, so that interference can be easily and quickly solved / normalized.Data that can be observed in the form of the condition of ON / OFF power transmission equipment, the condition of its own SCADA system, as well as voltage and current conditions in every part of the transmission components. Each state has different indicators, even if there are indications that are not valid then the operator will be able megetahui easily.
Supervisory control function refers to the operation of remote equipment, such as switching the circuit breaker, sending signals back to show or indicate if the desired operation has been effective. As an example of surveillance carried out by using the indication lights, if the green light show equipment that is open (open), while the red light indicates that the equipment is closed (close), or can display an invalid condition is a condition not known whether open or close. When the RTU control operations such as opening the circuit breaker, a change from red to green light at the control center showed that the operation was a success.
Surveillance operations here using the scan method (scanning) in sequence from the RTU-RTU located at the sub station, sub station. This system is able to control some of RTU with a lot of equipment at each RTU with a single Master Station. Furthermore, this system is also able to remotely send data measured by the RTU to the Master Station, such as analog data frequency, voltage, power and other quantities needed for the overall / kekomplitan surveillance operation.
Another advantage is the ability of SCADA system in limiting the amount of data transferred between Master Station and RTU. This is done through a procedure known as exception reporting where only certain data that is sent when the data changes that exceed the limits set, for example, the frequency value can only be changed if there is a change of 0.05 Herzt. So if there is a change whose value is very small there will be no change in frequency. This is to anticipate the nature of the hysteresis system so that the actual frequency value can be read clearly.
Master Station sequentially scan (scanning) RTU-RTU by sending short messages to each RTU to determine if the RTU have information to report. If the RTU has something to report, RTU will send a message back to the Master Station, and the data will be accepted and put into computer memory. If necessary, a message will be printed on a printer engine in the Master Station and displayed on the monitor screen.
Scan cycle takes a relatively short, about 7 seconds (maximum 10 seconds). Scan cycle is scanning all the remote terminals in the system. When the Master Station to give orders to an RTU, then all the RTU will receive the order, but only the RTU which it is addressed in accordance with the command that will run it. This system was called the poll system. In practice there is time delay to prevent errors related to the age of analog data.
In addition to scanning systems, data exchange can also occur as incidental (immediately after the maneuver action occurs) for instance occur by closing the switch circuit breaker substation operator, then the RTU will automatically send the status of CB in these substations to the Master Station. Dispatcher will immediately know that the CB has closed.
When operations are conducted from the Master Station, the first thing to do is to ensure proper equipment is selected, then followed by the selection operation to be performed. Operators at the Master Station is taking action based on the procedure called the method "select before execute (SBXC)", as below:
1.) Dispatcher in selecting RTU Master Station.
2.) Dispatcher choose equipment that will be operated.
3.) Dispatcher sends commands.
4.) Remote Terminal Unit who want to know the equipment is operated.
5.) Remote Terminal Unit operations and sending signals back to the Master Station is indicated by color changes on the VDU screen and prints a message on the printer logging.
The above procedure to minimize the possibility of operating errors.
If there is interference with the RTU, the message is sent from the RTU that experienced the interruption to the Master Station, and a normal scan will experience long delays due to interference message priority to the Master Station and turn on the alarm for the operator to take necessary action immediately. At other times, in most cases, the status of all equipment in the RTU can be monitored every 2 seconds, providing information on the condition of the system that is going on in your Control Center (RCC).
Almost all modern supervisory control system based on a computer, allowing the Master Station consists of a digital computer with input output equipment needed to send control messages to the RTU as well as receive information back.Information received will be displayed on the VDU screen and / or printed on the printer as permanent records. VDU can also display graphical information such as a single line diagrams. At RCC (control center), the entire system state is also shown on the diagram Wall (mimic board), which contains data about the flow of power in the current environment of RTU.
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SCADA is a system that collects information or data from the field and then send it to a central computer that will manage and control data serve targeted. SCADA systems are not only used in industrial processes, for example, steel mills, power generation and distribution of electricity (conventional and nuclear), chemical plants, but also in some experimental facilities such as nuclear fusion. From the standpoint of SCADA, plant size or system start dar 1.000an process up to 10,000 I / O (luara / input), but this time SCADA system can handle up to hundreds of thousands of I / O.
There are many parts in a SCADA system. A SCADA system usually has a hardware signal to obtain and transmit I / O, controllers, network, user interface in the form of HMI (Human Machine Interface), communication devices and some software support. All of that into one system, the term SCADA refers to the entire central system. This central system usually monitors data from various sensors on the ground or even from further tempat2 (remote locations).
Industrial control and monitoring systems typically consist of a central host or master (usually called a master station, master terminal unit or MTU), one or more units of data collection and control field (usually called a remote stattion, remoter terminal units, or RTU) and a set of standard and customized software that is used to monitor and control elements of the data in the field.Most SCADA systems have many characteristics of an open-loop control (open-loop) and use a lot of long distance communications, although there are some elements of a closed-loop control (closed-loop) and / or using short-range communication.
Systems similar to SCADA systems can also be encountered in several plant processes, maintenance and others. This system called DCS (Distributed Control Systems). DCS has a function similar to the SCADA, but the unit of data collectors and controllers are usually placed in some limited areas. Communication could use a local network (LAN), reliable and high speed.
Electric Power SCADA Systems
SCADA facilities needed to carry out electric power enterprises operating mainly in realtime control. A SCADA system consists of a number of RTU (Remote Terminal Unit), a Master Station / RCC (Region Control Center), and data telecommunications network between the RTU and Master Station. RTU installed at each substation or the Central Plant which would be monitored. RTU is responsible for knowing every condition of high voltage equipment through the collection of quantities of electricity, equipment status and alarm signals are then forwarded to the RCC via data telecommunication network. RTU can also receive and execute commands to change the status of high voltage equipment through the command signals sent from the RCC.
With the SCADA system dispatcher to get the data quickly at any time (real time) when necessary, in addition to SCADA can quickly give a warning to the dispatcher when an interruption in the system, so that interference can be easily and quickly solved / normalized.Data that can be observed in the form of the condition of ON / OFF power transmission equipment, the condition of its own SCADA system, as well as voltage and current conditions in every part of the transmission components. Each state has different indicators, even if there are indications that are not valid then the operator will be able megetahui easily.
Supervisory control function refers to the operation of remote equipment, such as switching the circuit breaker, sending signals back to show or indicate if the desired operation has been effective. As an example of surveillance carried out by using the indication lights, if the green light show equipment that is open (open), while the red light indicates that the equipment is closed (close), or can display an invalid condition is a condition not known whether open or close. When the RTU control operations such as opening the circuit breaker, a change from red to green light at the control center showed that the operation was a success.
Surveillance operations here using the scan method (scanning) in sequence from the RTU-RTU located at the sub station, sub station. This system is able to control some of RTU with a lot of equipment at each RTU with a single Master Station. Furthermore, this system is also able to remotely send data measured by the RTU to the Master Station, such as analog data frequency, voltage, power and other quantities needed for the overall / kekomplitan surveillance operation.
Another advantage is the ability of SCADA system in limiting the amount of data transferred between Master Station and RTU. This is done through a procedure known as exception reporting where only certain data that is sent when the data changes that exceed the limits set, for example, the frequency value can only be changed if there is a change of 0.05 Herzt. So if there is a change whose value is very small there will be no change in frequency. This is to anticipate the nature of the hysteresis system so that the actual frequency value can be read clearly.
Master Station sequentially scan (scanning) RTU-RTU by sending short messages to each RTU to determine if the RTU have information to report. If the RTU has something to report, RTU will send a message back to the Master Station, and the data will be accepted and put into computer memory. If necessary, a message will be printed on a printer engine in the Master Station and displayed on the monitor screen.
Scan cycle takes a relatively short, about 7 seconds (maximum 10 seconds). Scan cycle is scanning all the remote terminals in the system. When the Master Station to give orders to an RTU, then all the RTU will receive the order, but only the RTU which it is addressed in accordance with the command that will run it. This system was called the poll system. In practice there is time delay to prevent errors related to the age of analog data.
In addition to scanning systems, data exchange can also occur as incidental (immediately after the maneuver action occurs) for instance occur by closing the switch circuit breaker substation operator, then the RTU will automatically send the status of CB in these substations to the Master Station. Dispatcher will immediately know that the CB has closed.
When operations are conducted from the Master Station, the first thing to do is to ensure proper equipment is selected, then followed by the selection operation to be performed. Operators at the Master Station is taking action based on the procedure called the method "select before execute (SBXC)", as below:
1.) Dispatcher in selecting RTU Master Station.
2.) Dispatcher choose equipment that will be operated.
3.) Dispatcher sends commands.
4.) Remote Terminal Unit who want to know the equipment is operated.
5.) Remote Terminal Unit operations and sending signals back to the Master Station is indicated by color changes on the VDU screen and prints a message on the printer logging.
The above procedure to minimize the possibility of operating errors.
If there is interference with the RTU, the message is sent from the RTU that experienced the interruption to the Master Station, and a normal scan will experience long delays due to interference message priority to the Master Station and turn on the alarm for the operator to take necessary action immediately. At other times, in most cases, the status of all equipment in the RTU can be monitored every 2 seconds, providing information on the condition of the system that is going on in your Control Center (RCC).
Almost all modern supervisory control system based on a computer, allowing the Master Station consists of a digital computer with input output equipment needed to send control messages to the RTU as well as receive information back.Information received will be displayed on the VDU screen and / or printed on the printer as permanent records. VDU can also display graphical information such as a single line diagrams. At RCC (control center), the entire system state is also shown on the diagram Wall (mimic board), which contains data about the flow of power in the current environment of RTU.
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